LANGUAGE

JOURNAL OF THE LINGUISTIC

SOCIETY OF AMERICA

 

 

VOLUME 77, NUMBER 2

JUNE 2001

 

 

Articles:

The typology of voicing and devoicing                               W. Leo Wetzels                                   207

                                                                        & Joan Mascaró

Meaning in interaction: The case of actually                   Rebecca Clift                                       245

Prelinguistic gesture predicts mastery and                        Adrianne Cheek, Kearsy                     292

         error in the production of early signs                         Cormier, Ann Repp, &   Richard P. Meier

On the nature of syntactic variation: Evidence              William Snyder                                    324

         from complex predicates and complex

         word-formation

ASL ‘syllables’ and language evolution:                            Andrew Carstairs-McCar                 343

         A response to Uriagereka

 

 

Reviews:

Falk: Women, language and linguistics                               C. V. Chavny                                       350

Rosen: Latine loqui: Trends and directions                      E. Pulgram                                            353

         in the crystallization of Classical Latin

Mithun: The languages of native North  America       K. Rice                                                      356

Derbyshire & Pullum (eds.): Handbook of                       E. J. Vajda                                             360

         Amazonian languages, Vol. 4

Mills (ed.): Slavic gender linguistics                                      C. M. Vakareliyska                                                                                               363

Takeuchi: The structure and history of Japanese:        M. U. Fidler                                         366

         from Yamatokotoba to Nihongo

Carstairs-McCarthy: The origins of complex                  J. Uriagereka                                      368

         language

Shapiro (ed.): The Pierce seminar papers:                         H. Anderson                                         373

         Essays in semiotic analysis, Vol. 4

Degraff (ed.): Language creation and language            M. Aceto                                                  376

         change: Creolization, diachrony,

         and development

Wheeler (ed.): The workings of language:                        S. M. Burt                                               379

         From prescriptions to perspectives;

         Language alive in classrooms

Preston (ed.): Handbook of perceptual                                 C. J. Dannenberg                             382

         dialectology: Vol. 1

Lewis: The Turkish language reform:                                   A. Eminov                                               384

         A catastrophic success

 

 

Book Notices                                                                                                                                                                    387

The Editor’s Department                                                                                                                                     425

Publications Received                                                                                                                                              429

 

 

Back to top of page

 

 

Abstracts:

 

 

The typology of voicing and devoicing

 

W. Leo Wetzels

         Free University, Amsterdam

Joan Mascaró

         Autonomous University of Barcelona

 

         This article provides empirical evidence against the claims that [voice] is a privative feature and that word-internal devoicing can occur in a language without word-final devoicing.  The study of voice patterns in a number of languages shows that the feature value [– voice] although it is the unmarked value of the laryngeal feature [voice], can be active phonologically in a fashion parallel to the marked value [+ voice].  Across languages, voice assimilation may occur independently of devoicing and, although it normally affects both [+ voice] and [– voice], it may affect only one value in some languages.

 

Back to top of page

 

 

Meaning in interaction: The case of actually

 

Rebecca Clift

         University of Essex

 

         One aspect of the relationship between meaning and interaction is explored here by taking the English particle actually, which is characterized by flexibility of syntactic position, and investigating its use in a range of interactional contexts.  Syntactic alternatives in the form of clause-initial or clause-final placement are found to be selected by reference to interactional exigencies.  The temporally situated, contingent accomplishment of utterances in turns and their component turn-constructional units shows the emergence of meaning across a conversational sequence; it reveals syntactic flexibility as both a resource to be exploited for interactional ends and a constraint on that interaction.

 

Back to top of page

 

 

Prelinguistic gesture predicts mastery and error in the production of early signs

 

Adrianne Cheek

         University of Texas at Austin

Kearsy Cormier

         University of Texas at Austin

Ann Repp

         University of Texas at Austin

Richard P. Meier

         University of Texas at Austin

 

         We explore the predictors of early mastery versus error in children’s acquisition of American Sign Language.  We hypothesize that the most frequent values for a particular parameter in prelinguistic gesture will be the most frequent in early signs and the most likely sources of substitution when signing children make errors.  Analyses of data from a longitudinal study of the prelinguistic gestures of five Deaf and five hearing children and a longitudinal study of four Deaf children’s early signs have revealed evidence of significant commonalities between prelinguistic gesture and early sign.  This apparent continuity between prelinguistic gesture and early sign reflects constraints operating on the infant — in all likelihood, motoric constraints—that seem to persist into the first-word period in both major language modalities.  In sign, as in speech, the production of first signs uses building blocks that are available to the prelinguistic child.

 

Back to top of page

 

 

On the nature of syntactic variation: Evidence from complex predicates and complex word-formation

 

William Snyder

         University of Connecticut and Haskins Laboratories

 

         The existence of substantive parametric variation in syntax, as characterized in Chomsky 1981, has been questioned in the more recent generative literature, notably by Borer 1984, Fukui 1986, and Chomsky 1993.  This article provides converging evidence from child language acquisition and comparative syntax for the existence of a syntactic parameter in the classical sense of Chomsky 1981, with simultaneous effects on syntactic argument structure (e.g., verb-particle constructions) and complex word-formation (root compounding).  The implications are first that syntax is indeed subject to points of substantive parametric variation as envisioned in Chomsky 1981, and second that the time course of child language acquisition is a potentially rich source of evidence about the innate constraints on language variation.

 

Back to top of page

 

 

ASL ‘syllables’ and language evolution: A response to Uriagereka

 

Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy

         University of Canterbury, New Zealand

 

         I am grateful to Juan Uriagereka (2000) for his thorough and thoughtful review of my book The Origins of Complex Language (henceforth Origins; Carstairs-McCarthy 1999).  The book tackles fundamental questions about the relationship among syntax, semantics, and cognition, and Uriagereka is not persuaded by all my suggestions about the prehistory of this relationship.  I will not pursue these large issues here; rather, I want to address a more circumscribed issue that is nevertheless crucial to the argument of the book, so that my failure to discuss it is an important omission, as Uriagereka points out.  This issue is whether the syllable, as a unit of phonological description, is modality-neutral (so as to be equally at home, with fundamentally the same sense, in descriptions of signed and spoken languages), or whether the syllables of signed and spoken languages are really different phenomena, so that the use of the term syllable for both draws attention to resemblances that are more accidental than fundamental.  I will  argue that the evidence supports the latter view more strongly than the former; therefore, when discussing language evolution, it is legitimate to appeal (as I do) to aspects of spoken syllables that are undoubtedly modality-dependent, such as their physiological underpinnings in the vocal apparatus.

         Before addressing this issue directly, I would like to summarize briefly why it is important in the context of my book.  Second, by way of reassurance, I will explain why the conclusion that I reach does not belittle sign languages, nor imply any old-fashioned skepticism about their entitlement to be recognized as real manifestations of the human language capacity.

 

Back to top of page

 

 

 

 

 

BOOK NOTICES IN THIS ISSUE

 

Cheon: Zur Konzeption eines phraseologischen                             D. Aichele                            387

         Wörterbuchs für den Fremdsprachler

Amara: Politics and sociolinguistics reflexes:                                  S. Davis                                  387

         Palestinian border villages

Bricker et al: A dictionary of the Maya language                         V. Haser                                389

         as spoken in Hocabá, Yucatán

Lycan: mind and cognition: An anthology                                          V. Haser                                389

Munro et al. (eds.): Di’csyonaary X: tèe’n                                          V. Haser                                390

         Dii’zh Sah Sann Lu’uc = San Lucas

         Quiaviní Zapotec dictionary

Van de Vijver: The iambic issue: Iambs as                                         A. J. Koontz-                                                                                                                             390

         a result of constraint interaction                                                          Garboden

Hanny & Bokestein (eds.): Functional grammar                            A. J. Koontz-                                                                                                                             391

         and verbal interaction                                                                                  Garboden

Ratner & Healey (eds.): Stuttering research                                       I. M. Laversuch                                                                                                                       392

         and practice: Bridging the gap

Andrews: Sociocultural perspectives on language                        I. M. Laversuch                                                                                                                       392                                             change in diaspora

Klintborg: The transcience of American Swedish                         I. M. Laversuch                                                                                                                       393

Cinque et al. (eds.): Paths towards universal grammar:           D. K. Nylander                                                                                                                          394

         Studies in honor of Richard S. Kayne

Adone & Plag (eds.): Creolization and linguistic change        D. K. Nylander                                                                                                                          395

Moss et al. (eds.): Logic, language and information,                 A. Pietarinen                                                                                                                       396

         Vol. 2

Ryazanova-Clarke & Wade: The Russian language today      E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  397

Van den berg (ed.): Studies in Caucasian linguistics:                E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  398

         Selected papers of the Eighth Caucasian Colloquium

Rebuschi & Tuller (eds.): The grammar of focus                          E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  399

Mathangwane: Ikalanga phonetics and phonology:                     E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  400

         A synchronic and diachronic study

Klein & Martohardjono (eds.): The development                          M. J. Washburn                                                                                                                       400

         of second language grammars: A generative

         approach

Zaefferer (ed.): Deskriptive Grammatik und                                      D. Aichele                            401

         allgemeiner Sprachvergleich

Niedzielski & Preston: Folk linguistics                                                  E. Battistella                                                                                                                       402

Jones: Strange talk: The politics of literature in                             E. Battistella                                                                                                                       402

         Gilded Age America

Spears (ed.): Race and ideology: Language,                                      E. Battistella                                                                                                                       404

         symbolism, and popular culture

Culicover: Syntactic nuts: Hard cases, syntactic                             A. Pereltsvaig                                                                                                                     404

         theory, and language acquisition

Molinie: Sémiostylistique: L’effet de l’art                                           H. P. Paleologou                                                                                                                    405

Naguschewski & Trabant (eds.): Was heiβt heir                            E. Schleef                              406

         „fremd”?: Studien zu Sprache und Fremdheit

Patrick: Urban Jamaican Creole: Variation                                         E. G. Winkler                                                                                                                             406

         in the mesolect

Peccei: Pragmatics                                                                                                  L. Alonso-Ovalle                                                                                                                                407

Franco et al. (eds.): Grammatical analyses in                                   L. Alonso-Ovalle                                                                                                                                407

         Basque and Romance linguistics: papers

         in honor of Mario Saltarelli

Wierzbicka: Emotions across languages and                                     A. Gianto                              408

         cultures: Diversity and universals

Koktova: Word-order based grammar                                                     A. Gianto                              409

Fuchs & Robert (eds.): Language diversity and                             A. Głaz                                  409

         cognitive representations

Hermans & Oostendorp (eds.): The derivational                           A. J. Koontz-                                                                                                                             410

         residue in phonological optimality theory                                   Garboden

Delisle et al. (eds.): Terminologie de la traduction                       G. E. Saunders                                                                                                                          411

Smith: Essentials of early English                                                              J. Skaffari                             412

Durgunoglu & Verhoeven (eds.): Literacy                                         A. J. Toribio                                                                                                                              413

         development in a multilingual context:

         Cross-cultural perspectives

Karttunen & Östman (eds.): Issues in minority peoples           E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  414

Li: Manchu: A textbook for reading documents                             E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  414

Price (ed.): Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe                E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  415

Miedema et al. (eds.): Perspectives on the Bird’s                         E. J. Vajda                                                                                                                                  416

         Head or Irian Jaya, Indonesia: Proceedings

         of the Conference Leiden, 13-17 October 1997

Trudgill: The dialects of England (2nd edn.)                                       S. Wagner                             417

Kulikov & Vater (eds.): Typology of verbal categories:         L. Whaley                             417

         Papers presented to Vladimir Nedjalkov on the

         occasion of his 70th birthday

Shahin et al. (eds.): The proceedings of the seventh                   L. Alonso-Ovalle                                                                                                                                418

         West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics

Kunnan et al. (eds.): Validation in language assessment         R. A. Brown                                                                                                                                419

Hardcastle & Hewlett (eds.): Coarticulation: Theory,               J. R. Elliott                                                                                                                                 420

         data and techniques

Skutnabb-Kangas: Genocide in education—                                      A. Eminov                             421

         or worldwide diversity and human rights

Von Heusinger & Egli (eds.): Reference and                                    I. García                                422

         anaphoric elations

Fehringer: Dutch: A reference grammar of Dutch                        C. van Kerckvoorde                                                                                                                 422

         with exercise and key

Van der Haagen: Caught between norms: The                                C. van Kerckvoorde                                                                                                                 423

         English pronunciation of Dutch learners

Nunn: Dutch orthography: A systematic                                               C. van Kerckvoorde                                                                                                                 423

         investigation of the spelling of Dutch words