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| Prosodic structure in young children's language production | LouAnn Gerken | 683 | |
| Direct optimality theory | Chris Golston | 713 | |
| Passive and stative in Chichewa: Evidence for modular distinctions in grammar | Stanley Dubinsky & Silvester Ron Simango | 749 | |
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Descriptive Reports: |
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| Bajau: A symmetrical Austronesian Language | Mark Donohue | 782 | |
| The status of phonemic rarities | Peter Ladefoged & Daniel Everett | 794 | |
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Reviews: |
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| Boltz: | The origin and early development of the Chinese writing system | J.L. Packard | 801 |
| Clackson: | The linguistic rlationship between Armenian and Greek | J.A.C. Greppin | 804 |
| Dobrovie-Sorin: | The syntax of Romanian | V. Motapanyane | 807 |
| Beard | Lexeme-morpheme base morphology: A general theory of inflection and word formation | G. Booij | 812 |
| den Dikken: | Particles: On the syntax of verb-particle, triadic, and causative constructions | P. Svenonius | 816 |
| Lipski: | Latin American Spanish | B. Lafford | 821 |
| Murray: | Theory groups and the study of language in North America: A social history | H.A. Gleason | 825 |
| Silva-Corvalan (ed.): | Spanish in four continents: Studies in language contact and bilingualism | J.M. Lipski | 828 |
| Emmorey & Reilly (eds.) | Language, gesture, and space | D. Brentari | 833 |
| Gernsbacher (ed.) | Handbook of psycholinguistics | H. Smith Cairns | 836 |
| Merlan | A grammar of Wardaman, a language of the Northern Terretory of Australia | R.M.W. Dixon | 839 |
| Toman: | The magic of a common language: Jakobson, Mathesius, Trubetzkoy, and the prague Linguistic Circle | M. halle | 842 |
| van der Hulst & Snider (eds.) | The phonology of tone: The representation of tonal register | G. N. Clements | 847 |
| Struever (ed.) | Language and the history of thought | C. | |
| Eco | The search for a perfect language | C. Shelvador | 852 |
| Kontra (ed.) | Tul a Kecegardan/Beyond castle garden. An American Hungarian dictionary of the Calumet region | E. Moravcsic | 856 |
| Book Notices | 859 | ||
| The Editor's Department | 893 | ||
| Publications Received | 894 | ||
| Index to volume 72 | 903 |
Research in Prosodic phonology, as well as experiments on adult speech production, suggest that segmental and suprasegmental processes reflect an independent prosodic structure, which includes prosodic categories such as metrical foot, prosodic word and phonological phrase. Five experiments examined English-speaking two-year-olds' omission of object articles in different prosodic structures. The data indicate that children omit unfooted syllables and that foot boundaries, in turn, are influenced by prosodic word and phonological phrase boundaries. Thus, it appears that children represent prosodic structures remarkably similar to those proposed in theories of Prosodic Phonology
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Direct Optimality Theory
Chris Golston
California State University Fresno
I present a model of phonological representation which represents morphemes in terms of constraint violations rather than strings of segments or root nodes. The formalism allows representation to be uniform throughout the phonology, mandates permanent underspecification of unmarked structure, derives the linear order of segments within a morpheme, and allows representation and evaluation to be conflated. Marked types of morphology (infixes, circumfixes, zero affixes; substractive, reduplicative and templatic morphology) are represented in exactly the same way as roots. The markedness of such morphology is argued to follow from the high ranking of the violated constraints in question.
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Passive and stative in Chichewa: Evidence
for modular distinctions in grammar
Stanley Dubinsky
Silvester Ron Simango
University of South Carolina
This article examines stative and passive constructions in Chichewa, finding that the syntax of the two constructions is best accommodated in a model that allows argument structure changing operations, such as stative, to be distinguished from operations, such as passive, that affect the mapping from argument structure to grammatical functions. The Chichewa facts recall observations made concerning the differences between English adjectival and verbal passives, first formalized in Wasow 1997, but provide more straightforward evidence for a distinction, due to the absence of surface homophony. The paper concludes by reconsidering English adjectival and verbal passive constructions, and showing them to be morphologically distinct.
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