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Articles |
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| A positron emission tomographic study of regular and irregular verb morphology in English | Jeri J. Jaeger, Alan H. Lockwood, David L. Kemmerer, Robert D. Van Valin, Brian W. Murphy, & Hanif G. Khalak | 451 | |
| Head position and internally headed relative clauses | David Basilico | 498 | |
| Universal tendencies in the semantics of the diminutive | Daniel Jurafsky | 533 | |
| The coordination of unlike categories | Samuel Bayer | 579 | |
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Reviews: |
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| Chambers: | Sociolinguistic theory: Linguistic variation and its social significance | S. van Bibber & G. Gilbert | 617 |
| Shatz: | A toddler's life | L. Naigles | 620 |
| Wierzbicka: | Cross-cultural pragmatics: The semantics of human interaction | J.A. Matisoff | 624 |
| Henry: | Belfast English and Standard English | N. Sobin | 630 |
| Lobeck: | Ellipsis: Functional heads, Licensing, and identification | L. Haegeman | 634 |
| Ramat & Ramat (eds.): | Le lingue indoeuropee | R.E. Wallace | 637 |
| Franks: | Parameters of Slavic morphosyntax | G. Rappaport | 640 |
| Book Notices (see back cover) | 644 | ||
| The Editor's Department | 673 | ||
| Publications Received | 675 | ||
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BOOK NOTICES IN THIS ISSUE |
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| Darnell & Irvine (eds.): | The collected works of Edward Sapir IV: Ethnology | J. Stanlaw | 644 |
| Bates, Hess, & Hilbert: | Lushootseed dictionary | D. Lonsdale | 644 |
| Meisel (ed.): | Bilingual first language acquisition: French and German grammatical development | B. Rohrbacher | 645 |
| Kimball, Abbey, John, & Poncho: | Koasati dictionary | W. Davies | 647 |
| Kandiah & Kwan-Terry (eds.): | English and language planning: A Southeast Asian contribution | P. Benson | 647 |
| Neel: | Aristotle's voice: Rhetoric, theory, and writing in America | E.K. Abraham | 648 |
| Olsson: | Hungarian phonology and morphology | J. Harlig | 649 |
| Dougherty: | Natural language computing: An English generative grammar in Prolog | P. Merlo | 650 |
| Luelsdorff (ed.): | The Prague School of structural and functional linguistics: A short introduction | B. Kortmann | 650 |
| Dangel: | Histoire de la langue Latine | P. Baldi | 651 |
| Szalay, Strohl, Fu, Lao: | American and Chinese perceptions and belief systems: A People's Republic of China- Taiwanese comparison | J. Stanlaw | 652 |
| Cuzzolin: | Sull'origine della costruzione dicere quod: Aspetti sintattici e semantici | P. Baldi | 653 |
| Extra & Verhoeven | The cross-linguistic study of bilingual development | S. Matthews | 654 |
| Rastier, Cavazza, &Abeille: | Semantique pour l'analyse: De la linguistique a l'informatique | D. Estival | 655 |
| Bomhard &Kerns: | The Nostratic macrofamily: A study in distant linguistic relationship | L. Campbell | 656 |
| Formigiari & Gambarra (eds.): | Historical roots of linguistic theories | B. Wald | 657 |
| Levinsohn (ed.): | Discourse features of ten languages of West-Central Africa | B. Wald | 658 |
| Campbell: | Coherence, continuity and cohesion: Theoretical foundations for document design | A. A. Lugris | 658 |
| Gibbons (ed.): | Language and the law | E. Battistella | 659 |
| Gamkrelidze &Ivanov: | Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A reconstruction and historical analysis of a proto-language and a proto-culture. Part I: The text | C.F. Justus | 660 |
| Morzinski: | Linguistic influence of Polish on Joseph Conrad's style | Y. Tobin | 661 |
| Couper-Kuhlen: | English speech rhythm: Form and function in everyday verbal interaction | D. Deterding | 663 |
| Leech & Svartvik | A communicative grammar of English (2nd edn.) | G. Decio | 663 |
| Fassi Fehri: | Issues in the structure of Arabic clauses and words | A. Carnie | 664 |
| Tichy: | Die nomina agentis auf -tar- im Vedischen | F.J. Martinez Garcia | 665 |
| Lubensky (ed.): | Random House Russian-English dictionary of idioms. Russko-anglijskij slovar' idiom | C.V. Chvany | 666 |
| Kramer: | Das Franzoesische in Deutschland: Eine Einfuehrung | M.R. Lauersdorf | 667 |
| Hess: | Lushootseed reader with introductory grammar, vol. I: Four stories by Edward Sam | S. Urbanczyk | 668 |
| Tager-Flusberg (ed.): | Constraints on language acquisition: Studies of atypical children | Z.S. Bond | 669 |
| Egli, Pause, Schwarze, von Stechow, Wienold (eds.): | Lexical knowledge in the organization of language | H. Harley | 670 |
| Quasthoff (ed.): Aspects of oral communication | E.K. Abraham | 671 |
Theories about the representation and processing of regular and irregular past tense forms of verbs in English have disagreed as to whether they should be treated as a unified phenomenon (e.g., both rule-governed, or both generated by a connectionist net), or as two distinct types of linguistic entities (e.g., regulars formed by rules of the grammar, irregulars stored in lexical memory). In this paper we present data from a positron emission tomographic study in which subjects were asked to produce the past tense forms of regular, irregular, and nonce stems. We find very different amounts and areas of cotical activation in the regular and irregular tasks, as well as significantly different reaction times in producing the past tenses. We interpret our findings as supporting the grammar/lexicon theories, and discuss our results in terms of their implications for general linguistic theory.
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Head Position and Internally Headed
Relative Clauses
David Basilico
University of Alabama, Birmingham
This paper examines the phenomenon of 'head movement' in internally headed relative clauses (IHRCs). Most theorists working in a transformational framework consider the internal head to move to an external position. In this paper, I show that in some cases, head movement to an external position need not take place; an internal head may move but remain within the sentence itself. I show that this movement of the head to a sentence internal position is a consequence of (1) the quantificational nature of IHRCs and (2) the mapping Hypothesis of Diesing (1990, 1992a,b)
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Universal Tendencies in the Semantics
of the Diminutive
Daniel Jurafsky
International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley and
University of Colorado, Boulder
Despite the crucial dependence of synchronic meaning on both historical and cognitive context, we have traditionally used different tools for capturing synchronic and diachronic generalizations in modeling a complex semantic category like the diminutive. In the case of the diminutive, this is partly due to the extraordinary, often contradictory range of senses synchronically (small size, affection, approximation, intensification, female gender), and the difficulty of proposing a coherent historical reconstruction for these senses.
I propose to model the synchronic and diachronic semantics of the diminutive category with a Radial Category (Lakoff 1987), a type structured polysemy which explicitly models the different senses of the diminutive and the metaphorical and inferential relations which bind them. Synchronically, this model explains the varied and contradictory senses of the diminutive. Diachronically, the radial category acts as a kind of Archaeology of Meaning , capturing the generalizations of the classic mechanisms of semantic change (metaphor, abstraction and inference) as well as a new one: Lambda-Abstraction, which accounts for the rise of quantificational meaning and second-order predicates in the diminutive. The model also predicts that the origins of the diminutive crosslinguistically lie in words semantically or pragmatically linked to children. I test the model by considering the diminutive in over 60 languages, examining the origins of the diminutive in many of these, particularly in Indo-European where the theory suggests a new reconstruction of the proto-semantics of the PIE suffix *-ko-.
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The Coordination of Unlike Categories
Samuel Bayer
The MITRE Corporation
I argue that the account of the coordination of unlike categories, such as wealthy and a Republican in become wealthy and a Republican , ought to be unified with the account of feature neutralization under phonological identity, in which (for instance) coordinations of dative- and accusative-taking transitive verbs are possible just when the object is ambiguous (or underspecified) between dative and accusative case. I argue that this unified account ought not to be couched in terms of strings (as in Chametzky 1987) or features (as in Sag et al. 1985) but rather in terms of the logic of categories, in the tradition of Lambek Categorial Grammar. I present and defend such an account.
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